Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
Generally open natural or semi-natural grasslands on native rock, rich in heavy metals (e.g. zinc, lead, copper), or on mostly older spoil heaps around mines. The threatened endemic taxa are generally absent from the pioneer vegetation of younger spoil heaps and therefore these are not included.
Notes on habitat mapping
The criterion for the delimitation of this habitat type is the presence of vegetation of the syntaxa given above. Natural and anthropogenic sites need not be distinguished. Merely young species-poor pioneer stages on sites poor in heavy metals are not to be included. Chasmophytic vegetation of the Asplenion serpentini on serpentine and siliceous rock which is rich in heavy metals should be considered under type 8220.
Comments
Examples are often very small in size. Younger spoil heaps mostly have a lower heavy metal content on account of improved mining technologies and thus would not host the relevant vegetation.