The individual species accounts begin with information on the species’ taxonomy, description, distribution, status and threats. This is followed by a review of available information on the species’ medicinal and other uses, harvest and processing, cultivation, national markets and international trade. Available information on illegal trade is presented, followed by a discussion of national and international trade controls for the species. A brief overall analysis of the situation with regard to the species’ status and trade is provided as concluding text, followed by possible next steps that might be taken by governments, particularly within range States, to address concerns identified. A list of country codes and of abbreviations used to describe the origin of trade names are provided as annexes.