Urban nature is essential infrastructure for biodiversity, climate resilience, human health and liveable cities. Urban green and blue spaces provide habitat and ecological connectivity while contributing to cooling, water regulation, air purification, recreation and social well-being. While policies such as the EU Nature Restoration Regulation, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework have created a strong policy mandate for action, implementation remains uneven and under-resourced. Municipalities as the key implementation level, managing public space, shaping land use and delivering green and blue infrastructure, depend on enabling conditions defined at national, European and in-ternational levels. Multi-level coordination is therefore a precondition for success.

Workshop discussions identified five key enabling conditions for delivering high quality urban nature across Europe.